3D Printed Functional and Biological Materials
on Moving Freeform Surfaces
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We reported an adaptive 3D printing method for autonomous manufacturing of multifunctional devices on moving freeform surfaces, which combines direct ink writing with closed-loop feedback and computer-vision-based control techniques.
Shape Tracking
Motion Tracking (6DoF)
Printing on a Moving Model Hand
Monitor Camera View
Tracking Camera View
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Wirelessly powered devices and wireless moisture sensors were fabricated on human hands, via 3D printing a novel functional ink that is highly conductive, room-temperature processable and flexible.
Printing of Wireless-Powered Device
Wireless Moisture Sensor
Easy Removal
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The adaptive 3D printing method also enabled autonomous deposition of cell-laden hydrogels onto desired locations of live mice*, creating a model for future studies of wound-healing diseases (e.g., Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa).
3D Scan of Wound Bed
In situ Printing of Cell-Laden Hydrogel
Bioluminescence of Cells
*All animal studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the University of Minnesota.